Table of Contents

Open Access

ISSN 2638-1311

OBM Geriatrics , Volume 3 , Issue 3 (2019)

Pages: 278

Published: December 2019

(This book is a printed edition that was published in OBM Geriatrics)

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Cover story: Social networks, or the close interpersonal ties that people maintain, generally enhance their health status in later life. However, depression moderates the positive effect of social networks on health. A study using state-of-the-art longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe shows the ways in which social networks differentially affect the health of depressed older adults.  View this paper.

Volume 3,Issue 3

Open Access Concept Paper

The “PRIMING, TIMING, MIMING” Model of Individualized Behavioural Care Planning for Residents with Dementia

Received: 30 July 2019;  Published: 29 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903076

Abstract

Background: The current paper introduces the “Priming/Timing/Miming” Model of Behavioural Care Planning with persons with Dementia. This simple heuristic provides a quick, easy and systematic way to select from the vast number of behavioural strategies offered in the BPSD literature and to organize these in a way that can be incorporated into an individualized Behaviour Care Plan to deliver personal cares to persons with dementia and also to develop a larger plan of care. An entire care plan is [...]

Open Access Original Research

Sleep Symptoms Differentially Predict Cognition in Younger and Older-Onset Parkinson's Disease

Received: 13 May 2019;  Published: 23 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903075

Abstract

Abstract Background: Both disrupted sleep and cognitive impairment are frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the evidence for a relationship between self-reported sleep disturbance and cognitive symptoms has been equivocal. If sleep symptoms differentially predict cognition in different subtypes, effects may be obscured in a general PD sample. Objective: First, to determine whether the associations between participant and disease variables, sleep symptoms and cognitive performance vary by s [...]

Open Access Review

Management of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia: A Comprehensive Review of the Current Literature

Received: 14 May 2019;  Published: 16 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903074

Abstract

Purpose of Review: Dementia is a progressive and debilitating condition that affects millions of patients in the United States with an enormous impact on healthcare costs, caregivers, and society. Patients with dementia often experience dementia-related neuropsychiatric disturbances, commonly known as Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) and more recently Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in dementia. These symptoms include verbal and physical agitation, aggression, disinhibiti [...]

Open Access Review

Facilitation of Social Support through Negative Allosteric Modulation of α5-Associated GABAA Receptors: A Novel Mechanism for the Treatment of Depression, Agitation, and Aggression in the Elderly

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903073

Abstract

Major depressive disorder is a highly-prevalent and debilitating disorder in the aged population. Recent and accumulating clinical evidence suggests a key role for social support in helping to mitigate depression. Preclinical data are reviewed that indicate that selective negative allosteric modulation of α5-associated GABAA receptors as with RY-080, might rapidly impact depression in patients. Further, preclinical data in transgenic mice modeling neurodegenerative dise [...]

Open Access Original Research

Wisdom of the Elders: Narratives Enhancing Trainees’ Attitudes Towards Aging

Received: 25 April 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903072

Abstract

Background: Narratives encompass written reflection experiences and hold the potential to display valuable insights into trainees’ thinking. We analyzed narratives from graduate students trained in aging themes, who then interviewed older hospitalized adults (senior partners) about their life experiences. Methods: Three Discovery Fellows trained on open-ended interviewing, empathy, and aging themes performed semi-structured interviews. Senior partners were hospitalized older veterans. After th [...]

Open Access Original Research

Atrial Fibrillation, Anticoagulation, and Major Bleeding Episodes in Geriatric Patients at the Risk of Falling

Received: 22 May 2019;  Published: 26 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903071

Abstract

Background: Geriatric patients are at risk for atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, and the risk of anticoagulation (OAC) related bleeding is presumed to be higher. Detailed knowledge about the prevalence of AF and bleeding pattern in this population is scarce. This study sought to assess the prevalence of AF, use of OAC and rate of major bleeding in geriatric patients who frequently fall. Methods: Observational cohort study at a Fall and Syncope Clinic. Patients of 65 years and older, that under [...]

Open Access Review

Shedding Light on Manic Syndromes and Dementia

Received: 27 March 2019;  Published: 16 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903070

Abstract

Background. Mania in older adults is associated with a high rate of medical and neurological disease. Objective. The goal of this review is to describe the phenomenon of manic episodes in patients suffering from dementia. Methods. Medline and Google Scholar searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters, and books published before 2019. Search terms used included dementia, late-onset, mania, elderly. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant refer [...]

Open Access Original Research

Intranasal Insulin in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pragmatic Account

Received: 15 March 2019;  Published: 13 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903069

Abstract

Pragmatic competence includes the capacity to express illocutionary force and successfully achieve perlocutionary effects, in order to guarantee fully functional communication exchanges. Improved pragmatic competence in patients has been found in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and early to moderate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in the domains of jokes, self-expression and empathy after extended, targeted intranasal insulin therapy. In this paper it is argued that extended intra-nasal i [...]

Open Access Review

The Value Given and Presupposed in Person-Centred Dementia Care

Received: 08 April 2019;  Published: 13 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903068

Abstract

Thirty years ago, Tom Kitwood proposed a change in the care of people with dementia, from ‘warehousing’ to ‘person-centred care’. The change had noticeable benefits for those with dementia. Kitwood set out his presuppositions for this change. For example, Kitwood understood personhood as the standing or status bestowed on one human being by others in the context of relationships and social being and held that respect for the absolute value of each person is a key theme in Western ethical disco [...]

Open Access Original Research

Differential Effects of Social Network on Health in Later Life and the Moderating Role of Depression

Received: 23 March 2019;  Published: 12 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903067

Abstract

Background: We studied the differential effects of social network characteristics on limitations with activities (LWA) and quality of life (QOL) among older adults, and the moderating role of depression. Methods: Data from two consecutive waves of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were examined. Results: Emotional closeness, satisfaction with the social network, and contact intensity predicted QOL, but not LWA. Moreover, depression moderated the effects of network char [...]

Open Access Case Report

Personalised Medicine for Dementia: Collaborative Research of Multimodal Non-pharmacological Treatment with the UK National Health Service (NHS)

Received: 08 April 2019;  Published: 07 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903066

Abstract

The dominant narrative around dementia argues that progression cannot be halted or reversed. However, evidence on multimodal non-pharmacological treatments formulated around a ‘personalised medicine’ approach challenges this view. This paper reviews the current evidence for dementia prevention utilising such treatments and explains the logic of applying personalised medicine. The functional medicine treatment approach to ‘root cause’ analysis is presented as currently practiced with patients exp [...]

Open Access Review

A Model for Understanding Hispanic/Latino Family Caregiving for Older Adults

Received: 19 May 2019;  Published: 07 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903065

Abstract

Background: In 2016, Hispanic/Latino (H/L) Americans made up 8% of the older population (≥65) and 22.9% of the oldest population (≥85) in the United States. It is projected that the older H/L population will grow to 21% by 2060. Currently the older H/L population depends primarily on their families for care. Methods: Review published caregiving models for older adults in H/L populations. Results: Gradual and inevitable acculturation of H/L caregivers to U.S. social customs, and the mutual rel [...]

Open Access Review

Insights from Yeast on Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease, Focusing on Ahp1p/Prx5

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 17 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903064

Abstract

The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the model eukaryote, has provided many insights into molecular and cellular biology, as well as insights into many human diseases. In this paper we present some insights on how yeast studies are contributing to knowledge about the role of oxidative damage to cell health, and how one of the key players in Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid beta (Aβ) is linked to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) response involving AHP1, which encodes alkyl hydroperoxidase, a protei [...]

Open Access Review

Curing Alzheimer’s Disease: Myriad Causes and Myriad Cures Await

Received: 12 June 2019;  Published: 16 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903063

Abstract

Simplifying the cause of Alzheimer’s disease has lulled the public into believing that the search for a cure is within reach. The disease has captured the attention of researchers worldwide, catapulting the disease as the third most funded research interest (after cancer and HIV). But after a century of pharmacological failures in stopping or slowing the disease, there is a need to examine how the simplified cause evolved and to explore alternate approaches to understanding Alzheimer’s disease. [...]

Open Access Review

Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Art in Care of Ageing Society: Focus on Dementia

Received: 28 March 2019;  Published: 15 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903062

Abstract

Background: Art enhances both physical and mental health wellbeing. The health benefits include reduction in blood pressure, heart rate, pain perception and briefer inpatient stays, as well as improvement of communication skills and self-esteem. In addition to these, people living with dementia benefit from reduction of their non-cognitive, behavioural changes, enhancement of their cognitive capacities and being socially active. Methods The current study represents a narrative general literatur [...]

Open Access Original Research

Estimating Potential Cost Containment through Provision of Unplanned Institutional Respite Services to Support Home-Based Care within Japan’s Long-Term Care Insurance System

Received: 19 February 2019;  Published: 09 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903061

Abstract

Background: Many informal caregivers providing at-home care to older family members want to continue serving as the primary caregiver if they get sufficient support. A key service enabling continued at-home care is access to unplanned respite care facilities for temporary institutional care on short notice and in emergencies. Methods: This study used city government survey results on service user satisfaction with the Japanese Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) system for a mid-sized, typical Ja [...]

Open Access Review

Parting with the Concept of Alzheimer’s Disease in Senium

Received: 30 March 2019;  Published: 08 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1903060

Abstract

Our understanding of the mental deterioration associated with old-age have undergone a number of changes over the past two centuries and have spurred major scientific debates. In the 19th century, this disorder was still considered to be an inevitable feature of aging. The dawn of the 20th century offered a histological explanation for presenile dementia, and Alois Alzheimer was credited as the discoverer of a new disease that bears his name. During the last quarter of the twentieth century, the [...]

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