by Najam A. Sharif

Received: 24 January 2022;  Published: 22 March 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201116

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) associated with different forms of glaucoma and chronic ocular hypertension (cOHT) is characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons in the optic nerves that project to the brain to transmit visual information. The resultant thinning of the optic nerves cause loss of peripheral vision, which if not halted or slowed, can lead to irreversible blindness. Whilst the precise triggering insult(s) for the primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), the most prevalen [...]

by Yasushi Shibata  , Masayuki Goto  and Sumire Ishiyama

Received: 25 October 2021;  Published: 08 February 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201115

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to investigate migraine pathophysiology because it is a non-invasive technique. The main aim of clinical imaging for patients with headaches is to exclude secondary headaches due to organic lesions. Conventional structural imaging techniques such as routine MRI demonstrate white matter lesions, changes in gray matter volume or cortical thickness, and cerebral blood flow in patients with migraine. Changes in metabolite levels are observed by magnetic resonance spectrosc [...]

by OBM Neurobiology Editorial Office

Received: 05 January 2022;  Published: 06 January 2022;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2201114

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2021. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers receive a voucher entitling them to a discount on their next LIDSEN publication and can download a certificate of recognition di [...]

by Igor Val Danilov  and Sandra Mihailova

Received: 02 October 2021;  Published: 29 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104113

The present interdisciplinary study discusses the physical foundations of the neurobiological processes occurring during social interaction. The review of the literature establishes the difference between Intentionality and Intention, thereby proposing the theoretical basis of Shared Intentionality in humans. According to the present study, Shared Intentionality in humans (Goal-directed coherence of biological systems), which is the ability among social organisms to instantly select just one stimulus for the entire [...]

by Stephanie H Gomez  , Josephine Ridley  and Silvia C Hernandez

Received: 19 January 2021;  Published: 24 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104112

COVID-19 infections, hospitalizations, and deaths continue to skyrocket across the world, leaving a trail of enduring psychological turmoil. It wreaks havoc on the physical, emotional, and cognitive health of those directly infected, as well as caretakers, friends, and families. Though the pandemic has at least indirectly impacted most people, older adults appear to be the most vulnerable to COVID-19-related deaths and little is known about the psychological consequences. Unfortunately, many of the precautions take [...]

by Yulia Salamatova  and Andreja Packard

Received: 24 June 2021;  Published: 20 December 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104111

Circadian rhythms are 24-hour cycles of physical, mental, and behavioral changes regulated and maintained by the internal primary circadian clock, however modifiable by a number of external cues or “zeitgebers”, the most powerful one being light. Core set of clock genes regulate the whole-body metabolism and transcription of over 40% of mammalian RNA, including that for drug transporters, binding and metabolizing proteins responsible for regulation of pharmacokinetics of vast array of medications. Growing amount of [...]

by Timothy Rossow  , Elysa J Marco  , Molly Gerdes  and Teresa Tavassoli

Received: 28 July 2021;  Published: 25 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104110

Children with neurodevelopmental conditions (NDC) often have sensory reactivity differences, such as being overwhelmed by sounds, which can elicit distress in their everyday life. Furthermore, children with an NDC often present with a greater frequency of mental health symptoms compared to their typically developing peers. However little research has examined the relationship of these sensory reactivity differences on broader mental health. This study set out to explore the relationship between sensory reactivity a [...]

by Aaron R. Dezube  , Ashley L. Deeb  and Michael T. Jaklitsch

Received: 25 June 2021;  Published: 15 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104109

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by antibody mediated blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Up until the last decade, evidence suggesting benefit of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis has been based on non-randomized control studies. Our paper serves as an expert narrative review of new literature pertaining to surgical management of myasthenia gravis based on review of articles from PubMed and Cochrane database from date of inception through June 14, 2021. We used the MeSH search [...]

by Trevor R Norman

Received: 07 February 2021;  Published: 14 October 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2104108

Depression in the elderly is a significant clinical problem which is likely to endure as an ongoing issue as the cohort of individuals aged over 65years continues to increase as a proportion of the total population. While there are a multiplicity of approaches to the treatment of depression, the mainstay for moderate to severe cases is pharmacotherapy. The majority of extant antidepressants have demonstrated efficacy, at least in short term (6-12weeks) clinical evaluations. There is demonstrable efficacy over and a [...]

by Nasim Foroughi  , Brooke Donnelly  , Mark Williams  , Sloane Madden  , Michael Kohn  , Simon Clarke  , Perminder Sachdev  , Stephen Touyz  and Phillipa Hay

Received: 01 June 2021;  Published: 30 September 2021;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2103107

To compare neural responses to high and low-energy food images in patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and an age-matched Healthy Control (HC) group. 25 adolescents with AN and 21 HCs completed a diagnostic interview, self-report questionnaires and fMRI, during which they viewed food images evoking responses of disgust, happiness, or fear. Following whole brain analyses, neural responses in six regions of interest were examined in a series of between-group contrasts, across the three emotive categories. Compared to [...]