Case Reports of Patients Using Homeopathy in Which Complete Healing Was Observed: A Literature Review
Jozélio Freire de Carvalho 1, *
, Aaron Lerner 2,3
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Núcleo de Pesquisa em Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (NUPEC), School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel
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Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
* Correspondence: Jozélio Freire de Carvalho
Academic Editor: Lisa A. Conboy
Received: June 20, 2024 | Accepted: September 24, 2024 | Published: October 12, 2024
OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine 2024, Volume 9, Issue 4, doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2404058
Recommended citation: de Carvalho JF, Lerner A. Case Reports of Patients Using Homeopathy in Which Complete Healing Was Observed: A Literature Review. OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine 2024; 9(4): 058; doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2404058.
© 2024 by the authors. This is an open access article distributed under the conditions of the Creative Commons by Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is correctly cited.
Abstract
To systematically review the literature for cases using homeopathy in which complete healing was observed. Scielo, Pubmed, CINAHL, and Embase databases were systematically screened for case reports and series of patients successfully cured by homeopathy between 1966 and August 2022. Language limitation was not used. Forty-nine articles, comprising 191 patients, were depicted. Most of them had dermatological conditions (12 papers, 71 patients), followed by infectious (7 papers, 31 patients), neuropsychiatric (10 publications, 11 patients), vascular and hematological (6 manuscripts, 6 patients), and miscellaneous (11 papers, 52 patients) categories. All of them reported cases that were cured of the clinical condition. This article summarizes the case reports in which homeopathy was used and shows the healing of the different treated diseases.
Keywords
Homeopathy; healing; cure; cured cases; systematic review
1. Introduction
Homeopathy is a 200-year-old therapeutic modality that uses small doses of various substances to stimulate autoregulatory and self-healing processes. The German physician Samuel Christian Hahnemann (1755–1843) developed homeopathy at the end of the 18th century [1]. Homeopathy selects substances by matching a patient's symptoms with symptoms produced by these substances in healthy individuals (“Principle of Similars”). The therapeutic solutions are prepared by serial dilution and shaking, which allows minimal and non-toxical dosages to be applied to the patients [2].
The most common diseases treated by the homeopathy system are systemic hypertension (6.4%), asthma (4.9%), urinary infection (3.9%), depression (3.5%), allergic rhinitis and otitis media (3.4% each), headache and migraine (3.2%), neurological disorders and diabetes (92.9% each), and many other diseases [2].
Conventional medicine treats diseases without promising definitive healing; it is broadly aimed to attenuate or decrease the activity of the diseases. Except for infectious diseases (bacteria, fungi, and a few viruses), some oncological conditions, and some surgical conditions (e.g., polytrauma), most illnesses treated in conventional medicine are controlled or enter into remission (low disease activity). In the homeopathy field, a curious phenomenon is frequently called "direction of cure," whereby acute illnesses tend to recur as chronic illness improves or resolves. It further confirms the immune system reverting to its previous state. Then, the cure in conventional and homeopathy has different meanings. Herein, in this article, we use this term similarly to traditional medicine in which all manifestations of the diseases disappear. On the contrary, multiple cases in the literature describe homeopathy to heal or cure human diseases [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45]. There is no prospective trial with better evidence, so we found several case reports/series or observational studies in this field.
Considering this, the objective of this article was to perform a systematic review of the studies that evaluated the case reports or case series in which the patients were cured by homeopathy.
2. Methods
2.1 Literature Review
We performed an extensive literature review starting with a search in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Scielo from 1966 to August 2022 using the following MeSH entry terms: "homeopathy" AND "case report" OR “case series” was performed. Equivalent strategies were used in all databases. The collected studies intended to detect cured cases by homeopathy without language restriction. Healed cases were those in which a complete or almost complete healing of the physical disease was observed. However, we know that homeopathic cures also include emotional healing. Inclusion criteria were published studies on homeopathy in which a physical cure was observed after this treatment. Exclusion criteria were in vitro studies, animal studies, or review articles. The reference lists in the selected articles were analyzed to identify additional publications. Two authors (JFC and AL) initially performed the literature search and independently selected the study abstracts. In the second stage, the same reviewers independently read the full-text articles selected by abstracts. The authors followed PRISMA guidelines [14]. A standardized form to extract information was designed and comprised of authors, year of publication, country, the number of included patients, demographics, outcome, homeopathy substances and posology, and time to achieve the cure.
3. Results
Figure 1 shows the flow chart of the literature review.
Figure 1 Flowchart of the included articles.
Fifty-one articles with 195 participants were selected. Those studies were done in India (n = 24), Romania (n = 5), Austria (n = 2), Brazil (n = 2), Brazil and Romania (n = 2), Russia (n = 2), Switzerland (n = 2), Greece (n = 2), Austria and Bulgaria (n = 1), Germany (n = 1), Israel (n = 1), Italy (n = 1), Japan (n = 1), Mexico (n = 1), Scotland (n = 1), Ukraine (n = 2), the United Kingdom (n = 1), and the United States (n = 1). Most were case reports (n = 24), case series (n = 22), and one prospective trial.
Table 1 displays dermatological case descriptions of homeopathy cures in 13 articles. Treated diseases were bullous diseased (n = 2), lichen (n = 2), acne (n = 1), alopecia (n = 1), psoriasis (n = 2), atopic dermatitis (n = 1), livedoid vasculopathy (n = 1), impetigo (n = 1), molluscum contagiosum (n = 1), diabetic foot ulcers (n = 1), and vitiligo and wart (n = 1). A total of 74 patients were described. Age varied from 3 to 70 years old, and the female gender was present in 33.3 to 100% of the cases. Disease duration ranged from a few days to 13 years. All cases experienced a quick or gradual improvement until the healing of skin lesions in a period that varied from 1 day to 1 year. Three out of 11 used concomitantly topical treatment that was excluded during homeopathic treatment. The specific homeopathic substances were based on individualized clinical examination and reprioritization, which are described in Table 1.
Table 1 Studies on dermatological cases healed after homeopathy.
Table 2 shows neuro-psychiatric conditions healed by homeopathy in 10 articles. The treated conditions were depression (n = 2), syringomyelia with Arnold-Chiari malformation (n = 1), myasthenia gravis (n = 1), schizophrenia (n = 1), sleep bruxism (n = 1), prolonged postoperative coma (n = 1), migraine (n = 1), paralytic ileus in a paraplegic patient (n = 1), and pituitary microadenoma (n = 1). A total of 11 patients were described. Age varied from 8 to 81 years old, and the female gender was predominant in 7/10 cases. Disease duration ranged from 14 days to 13 years. All cases experienced a quick or gradual improvement until the disease healed in a period ranging from 2 days to 12 years. Three out of 10 used concomitantly treatments that were tapered off during homeopathic treatment. The specific homeopathic substances were based on individualized clinical examination and reprioritization, which are described in Table 2.
Table 2 Studies on neuro-psychiatric cases healed after homeopathy.
Table 3 shows vascular or hematological conditions cured using homeopathy in 6 articles. The treated conditions were chronic neutropenia (n = 1), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (n = 1), vasculitis (n = 1), and thrombosis or edema/inflammation vascular conditions (n = 3). A total of 6 patients were described. Age varied from 2 to 66 years old; the female gender was present in 3/6 cases. Disease duration ranged from 1 to 2 years. All cases experienced a quick or gradual improvement until physical healing of the diseases in a period that varied from 1 day to 21 months. Two out of 6 used concomitantly treatments that were tapered off during homeopathic follow-up. The specific homeopathic substances were based on individualized clinical examination and repertorization described in Table 3.
Table 3 Studies on vascular and hematological conditions cured by homeopathy.
Table 4 shows infectious or infectious-related diseases cured using homeopathy in 8 articles with 32 patients. The treated conditions were dengue (n = 10 patients), COVID-19 infection (n = 6), pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 2 patients), reactive arthritis (n = 1), breast abscess (n = 1), and tonsillolith (n = 1). Age varied from 21 to 74; the female gender was present in 17/31 cases. Disease duration ranged from 0 to 18 years. All cases experienced a quick or gradual improvement until the healing of the diseases in a period that varied from 1 day to 1 year. Three out of 7 articles used concomitant treatments such as physical therapy, anti-viral drugs, and dexamethasone for Covid-19. The specific homeopathic substances were based on individualized clinical examination and reprioritization, which are described in Table 4.
Table 4 Studies on infectious or infectious-related diseases cured by homeopathy.
Table 5 indicates various clinical situations (miscellaneous) cured using homeopathy in 11 articles with 56 patients. The treated conditions were: ovary masses (n = 2 articles), infertility (n = 2), uterine dysfunction or irregular menses (n = 2), liver failure (n = 1), postoperative sore throat (n = 1), cancer (n = 1), and sperm abnormalities (n = 1). Age varied from 3 to 72; the female gender was present in 43/56 cases. Disease duration ranged from 0 to >2 years. All cases experienced a quick or gradual improvement until the disease healed in a period ranging from 4 days to years. Three out of 11 articles used concomitant treatments. The specific homeopathic substances were based on individualized clinical examination and reprioritization, which are described in Table 5.
Table 5 Studies on miscellaneous diseases cured by homeopathy.
4. Discussion
The present review is the first systematic one to analyze all cases described in the literature in which cured cases by homeopathy are claimed. Like Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine, homeopathy is based on the self-healing potential of the human body. These health systems are based on the premise that illness results from an imbalance of one's vital force. The correct prescription of the remedy leads to restoring the balance and ultimately restoring homeostasis to cure the condition.
Homeopathy is based on two scientific tenets: the principle of similars and a claim concerning the biological effects of high dilutions. They suggest that a substance can improve a disease process using a dilute form of a substance that can induce the same symptoms in a healthy patient. Until today, no complete explanation of the mechanisms by which homeopathic medicines affect biological systems is available. Dr. Iris Bell delineated a possible mechanism for homeopathy works as follows: “...homeopathic treatment involves treating the individual patient literally with a quantitatively low dose of his or her own current holistic biological disease state information (in the form of the homeopathic remedy) at the nano-scale level… This first step initiates (a) cascade of adaptive biological signaling (within the recipient organism)… once the simillimum ( most similar) homeopathic signal (remedy) interfaces and acquires its personalized biological identity from the recipient's bodily fluids (by acquiring a protein shell from the patient's blood plasma), the…biological signaling networks of the body can take over … modulating the biology of symptoms and healing via functional changes in neural, immune, and inflammatory pathway networks and mediators… These adaptations are all in the service of optimizing the individual's fitness to survive…” [51].
Although, comparatively, principles of similars and small doses are used mainly in vaccination and desensitization techniques. However, it is not a surprise in medicine since several drugs that are used in clinical practice (e.g., lithium, antipsychotics, antidepressants, and metformin) were discovered by chance and were used empirically with a tremendous therapeutic response without an initial understanding of their mechanism of action.
Two metanalyses of the clinical effects of homeopathy have been published. The first one, published in 1991 [52], analyzed 107 controlled studies in 96 published reports. Of the 105 trials with interpretable results, 81 indicated positive results for homeopathy versus 24 with no positive effects. Moreover, in those trials with a better study design, 15 had positive results, whereas in 7 trials, no positive results were found. Regarding the second review [53], the authors included 186 double-blind or randomized trials. 119 out of 186 met the inclusion criteria, and 89 were processed by metanalysis. Interestingly, the combined odds ratio was 2.45 in favor of homeopathy [54].
It is known that a clinical case report has a limited level of evidence to establish a cause-effect relationship. Moreover, homeopathy has a highly individualistic approach, leading to difficulty in applying to a randomized controlled trial design. In this way, it is necessary to strengthen the power of case reports. Trying to reduce this problem, the Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy—Causal Attribution Inventory has been identified as a valuable tool for assessing the likelihood of a causal relationship between homeopathic intervention and clinical outcomes. Except for items relating to the "direction of cure" (domains 6A and 6B), the reliability and validity of all other domains were already primarily established [54].
The advantages of this article are: (1) the inclusion of all case reports or series described in patients healed by homeopathy; (2) all the presently screened articles followed the individualized international criteria for each disease; (3) the authors followed the acceptable PRISMA guidelines [14].
The limitations herein found were (1) the low number of reported cases described in the literature and (2) the underestimation and underreported cases of successful homeopathic therapy. It is important to emphasize that physicians and homeopaths should publish their cured patients. The fear of the treating physicians to report cure or complete healing should be overcome; (3) it is necessary to read full text and not to screen by the abstracts to get reliable information; (4) it is possible that some cases were missed and not included in the present review: (5) only association, but no cause and effect relationship can be presently deducted; (6) the lack of proper follow-up data to assess remission of disease can lead to incomplete analysis in some cases. In addition, there is an inherent limitation that all articles collected were case reports; therefore, a universal extrapolation of the results is impossible with single cases.
Future studies, preferentially high-volume case series, retrospective and prospective, well-designed trials to report failures or cures are essential for homeopathy to get between the pillars of Western medicine.
5. Conclusion
The present systematic review shows homeopathy may cure patients with varied medical conditions. We found 157 patients healed by homeopathy, which is probably underestimated since most physicians do not report their cases scientifically. Homeopathic teams should be encouraged to design prospective, well-controlled, cross-over studies to evaluate homeopathic therapy's success.
Author Contributions
JFdC screened the literature, designed, and wrote the manuscript, and AL wrote, edited, and revised it. All authors agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Competing Interests
There is no conflict of interest to declare.
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