by Daniel Goyal  , Fatma Mansab  , James Neil  and Jaleel Miyan

Received: 05 March 2019;  Published: 28 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902031

Research into the effects of microflora on health and in disease has increased recently. Such enthusiasm seems well placed. Should the preliminary studies translate through the larger, more powerful studies, the medical community may well have an entirely new platform from which to intervene for health and against disease. Delineating the pathways involved in the microflora and host interaction is likely to yield further avenues for intervention. Here we examine autonomic function and correl [...]

by Daniel Z. Lieberman  , Sara Teichholtz  and Brenna R. Emery

Received: 25 February 2019;  Published: 28 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902030

Is it ethically permissible to sacrifice the life of one human being in order to save the lives of five others? This question forms the basis of the famous thought experiment called “the trolley problem.” Surveys have found that 90 percent of people agree it is permissible when the victim to be sacrificed is described as off in the distance, whereas the opposite result occurs if the victim is described as up close. No consistent ethical principle has been identified that account for these result [...]

by Kelly P. Attard  , Robert JT Adams  , Andrew Vakulin  and Amy C. Reynolds

Received: 22 March 2019;  Published: 27 June 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902029

Inadequate sleep is a largely under recognised problem in Australian communities despite researchers consistently highlighting it as a key component of health and wellbeing. Over a third of Australian adults now experience some form of inadequate sleep, which is strongly linked to a range of accompanying physical and mental health concerns. In addition to the health burden on the individual, the associated financial burden incurred by the community is extremely high with inadequate sleep costing [...]

by Laura Alonso canal  , Cecilia Paredes Mercado  , María José Quiles Blanco  and Marco Motta Calderón

Received: 01 April 2019;  Published: 14 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902028

Lyme disease is a disease transmitted by ticks with a broad spectrum of comorbidity associated, from purely osteoarticular to neurological, as well as great variability comorbidity depending on the age of the individual. It currently represents an epidemic recognized by the CDC and confers a very important morbidity burden in our environment due to the frequent lack of diagnosis and early treatment. This infection has been related in the scientific literature to conditions such as fibromyalgia, [...]

by Ekta Kumari  , Fernando J. Velloso  and Steven W. Levison

Received: 13 February 2019;  Published: 13 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902027

A number of studies have highlighted the connection between infections during pregnancy in mothers and increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders later in life leading to the view that maternal immune activation is a significant contributor to psychiatric illnesses. Meta-analyses have revealed associations between the incidence of premature birth and perinatal inflammation with smaller total brain volumes, cognitive, motor and behavioral deficits in childhood and adolescents. In animal stud [...]

by Paul D. Loprinzi

Received: 30 March 2019;  Published: 10 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902026

Objective: The objective of this paper was to evaluate the extent to which exercise may influence long-term potentiation (LTP), a key cellular correlate of episodic memory function. Methods: Studies were identified using electronic databases, including PubMed, PsychInfo, Sports Discus and Google Scholar. Results: The computerized searches revealed 20 articles meeting the study criteria. Among these 20 evaluated articles, 17 were conducted in an animal model and 3 among humans. All 17 of these st [...]

by Antonio Meola

Received: 05 May 2019;  Published: 08 May 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902025

by Laura Alonso Canal  , Inmaculada Carreras Sáez  , María Concepción Fournier del Castill  , Julia Asensio Antón  , Inmaculada de Prada Vicente  , Carlos Isasi Zaragoza  , Javier Tejada Gallego  and María José Martínez-Gómez

Received: 17 December 2018;  Published: 03 April 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1902024

Aim: The association between Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and celiac disease has already been established. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), as well as celiac disease, has been associated with neuro-psychiatric disorders. Our objective is to assess if a proportion of pediatric ADHD patients are affected by NCGS and could, consequently, benefit from a gluten-free diet. Material and methods: Pilot study of 6 ADHD patients. Personal or family history suggestive of NCGS was in [...]