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Open Access

ISSN 2573-4407

© 2024 by the authors; CC BY 4.0 licence

OBM Neurobiology , Volume 8 , Issue 3 (2024)

Pages: 296

Published: September 2024

(This book is a printed edition that was published in OBM Neurobiology )

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Cover story:One of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus is peripheral neuropathy. We know that dysbiosis occurs in the bacterial flora of the diabetics' colon. Using an animal model of diabetic neuropathy, we showed that probiotics reduce pain symptoms by balancing the oxidant and antioxidant systems in the sciatic nerve.View this paper.

Volume 8,Issue 3

Open Access Original Research

A Probiotic Mixture Decreases Neuropathy and Oxidative Stress Markers in Diabetic Rats

Received: 11 May 2024;  Published: 30 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403247

Abstract

Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a type of nerve damage caused by long-term hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus (DM). The gut microbiota alters in DM. Therefore, improvement of the gut flora may affect neuropathic pain and oxidative biomarkers' responsiveness to the probiotic treatment. The present study aimed to assess the effects of probiotic supplementation on neuropathic pain and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetic rats’ serum. Forty-eight rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four group [...]

Open Access Original Research

Breaking Barriers: A Reliable Method for RNA Extraction in Zebrafish Neurodegenerative Research

Received: 02 June 2024;  Published: 30 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403246

Abstract

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate with unique characteristics, making it an excellent biomedical research animal model. One research area involves investigating changes in gene expression during neurodegenerative processes, aging-related changes, and behavioral studies in zebrafish. To achieve this, high-quality and quantity RNA must be extracted from zebrafish. This study aims to develop an optimized RNA extraction method from zebrafish larvae brains. Afte [...]

Open Access Original Research

Mental Hindrances and Entrepreneurial Supports towards Psychological Wellbeing among Entrepreneurs

Received: 21 May 2024;  Published: 18 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403245

Abstract

University entrepreneurs' psychological wellbeing (PWB) is a gigantic problem that substantially affects their academic performance, health, innovative capabilities, and more comprehensive societal contributions. In this study, we examine mental hindrances, such as stress, anxiety and depression and entrepreneurship-related constructs, such as entrepreneurial purpose (ENSE), entrepreneurial carefulness (ENSS) and entrepreneurial desire (ENRE) that predict PWB among Egyptian universit [...]

Open Access Review

Illuminate Resection Pathways with Fluorescence Guidance in Glioma Surgery: Case Reports and Systematic Review

Received: 20 April 2024;  Published: 09 September 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403244

Abstract

Gliomas are the most common brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis despite intensive treatments. Complete surgical resection is difficult due to its infiltrative growth, but aggressive surgery improves outcomes. Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) is used to distinguish tumor tissue during surgery. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA) is a crucial fluorescent agent in FGS, transforming into a molecule that accumulates in tumor cells. We presented a 34-year-old female with a high-grade glioma in the [...]

Open Access Original Research

The Origin of Social Skills: Manipulating Shared Intentionality in Bioengineering Systems for Empathy Training

Received: 12 March 2024;  Published: 28 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403243

Abstract

This pilot study (N = 28) aims to develop universal computer-aided empathy training. The experiment tests a research design of manipulating behavior in subjects toward non-affective cues in a bioengineering system. The study implements the Mother-Fetus Neurocognitive Model to involve subjects in subliminal cognitive collaboration with confedera [...]

Open Access Original Research

Enhancing Students’ Brain Development through Technology Use and Digital Characteristics

Received: 12 May 2024;  Published: 19 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403242

Abstract

In the present era of digitalization, technology plays a prominent role in relaxation and

Open Access Original Research

Recognizing the Role of ChatGPT in Decision-Making and Recognition of Mental Health Disorders among Entrepreneurs

Received: 01 April 2024;  Published: 19 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403241

Abstract

Nowadays, mental health disorders have become a significant concern for everyone. There are diverse reasons emanating from the workplace, business, and everyday environment. Therefore, there is a current need to use technology to detect and review their symptoms and causes. Accordingly, in this study, the researcher attempted to recognize ChatGPT’s role in decision-making and the recognition of mental health disorders among Egyptian entrepreneurs. The researcher used a quantitative a [...]

Open Access Review

Using Technologies to Promote Adaptive Responding and Reduce Challenging Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Selective Review

Received: 30 May 2024;  Published: 15 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403240

Abstract

The management and treatment of challenging behaviors in children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a priority for caregivers, educators, and healthcare professionals. This selective review examined how different technologies were used to help manage challenging behaviors in children with autism, describing each technology's strengths, weaknesses, and applications. This [...]

Open Access Review

Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Received: 02 May 2024;  Published: 07 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403239

Abstract

Oxidative stress in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI) involves reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). Despite efficient antioxidant pathways in the brain, hypoxia triggers the production of oxygen free radicals and downregulates ATP, which leads to oxidative stress. Sources of free radicals during CIRI include Ca2+-dependent enzymes, phospholipid degradation and mitochondrial enlargement. Upon reperfusion, the abrupt increase of oxygen tr [...]

Open Access Review

Tau-Targeted Immunotherapy for Alzheimer's Disease: Insight into Clinical Trials

Received: 16 August 2023;  Published: 07 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403238

Abstract

The use of immunotherapy as a therapeutic approach to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is gaining rapid interest, with the primary goal of targeting abnormalities that impact neuronal viability through specific antibodies. Currently, clinical strategies focus intensively on targeting the two main pathologies associated with AD, beta-amyloid (Ab) and tau. This review examines ongoing research in the realm of tau immunotherapy, including clinical trials that demonstrate promising [...]

Open Access Original Research

COVID-19 Impact on Substance Use (Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis) and Stress in Medical Students

Received: 30 March 2024;  Published: 06 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403237

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented challenges globally, impacting various aspects of daily life, including education. This study examines the effects of the pandemic on stress levels and substance use among Italian medical students. Two independent surveys were conducted: 388 medical students were interviewed before the epidemic, and 222 medical students a year after the COVID-19 epidemic began. Results revealed significant changes in stress levels, with a reduction in mild stress an [...]

Open Access Review

Efficacy of Motor Imagery in the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients: A Scope Review

Received: 29 May 2024;  Published: 06 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403236

Abstract

This review examines the efficacy of motor imagery (MI) as a supplementary rehabilitation technique for stroke patients. Nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were analyzed, highlighting MI's potential to enhance motor recovery, mobility, balance, and psychological well-being. Significant improvements in upper-limb function were observed with combined mental and physical practice, evidenced by notable gains in Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores. [...]

Open Access Case Report

Exercise and Psychomotor Rehabilitation in a Patient with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case Report

Received: 20 March 2024;  Published: 01 August 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403235

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that impacts an individual's physical, cognitive, and social well-being, ultimately resulting in a decline in independence and functionality. This case report explores how a program combining multimodal physical exercise and psychomotor rehabilitation can improve outcomes in interventions for Alzheimer's disease patients. This approach can enhance treatment effectiveness and provide researchers and practitioners with additional the [...]

Open Access Original Research

COVID-19’s Psychological Threats and Future Career Anxiety among University Students

Received: 17 May 2024;  Published: 30 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403234

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic brought different intolerable and uncomfortable situations that ruined the students' academic performance, career opportunities, and social lives through depression, anxiety, fear, uncertainty, and mental illness. In this study, we examined the psychological threats of the COVID-19 among Egypt’s public-sector university students. We employed quantitative methods in this study and used a questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) re [...]

Open Access Original Research

Investigating the Relationship between Lipid Profiles of Stroke Patients at the Time of Admission and Their Outcome

Received: 07 March 2024;  Published: 19 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403233

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is one of the critical risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. Many studies have emphasized that controlling the lipid level can decrease the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In this article, we studied all types of lipids in stroke patients and wanted to consider any relation between lipid level in admission and outcome. This retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at Imam Reza Research and Training Hospital. It was performed on a sample of 2165 pat [...]

Open Access Review

The Biomolecular Basis of Gut Microbiome on Neurological Diseases

Received: 23 February 2024;  Published: 16 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403232

Abstract

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors many microorganisms, including viruses, protozoa, archaea, fungi, and bacteria. Altogether, these microbes constitute what we know as the gut microbiome (GM). These commensal communities have important implications for human health. They influence physiological processes through different mechanisms, including synthesizing neurotransmitters, regulating enzymatic pathways, and releasing molecules responsible for different signal pathways. The interact [...]

Open Access Case Report

Implementation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in a Child with Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study

Received: 19 October 2023;  Published: 15 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403231

Abstract

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a prevalent child and adolescent psychiatric condition characterized by substantial functional impairments. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as the primary therapeutic approach for managing mild to moderate cases of OCD in children and adolescents. Significant advancements have been made in applying CBT specifically to this age group in the past decade. Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a core therapeutic technique grounded in the prin [...]

Open Access Original Research

Glasgow Coma Scale Scores and Impact of Delirium on Intubated Seizure Patients Treated with Phenytoin and Lacosamide: Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review

Received: 29 November 2023;  Published: 05 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403230

Abstract

Studies have shown that decrease in time intubated is associated with better prognosis. Delirium is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) length of stay. However, there is limited report on delirium in intubated seizure patients. As per report, low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) increased the risk of delirium and thus increasing ICU length of stay. Information on delirium and outcome in intubated seizure patients receiving l [...]

Open Access Original Research

Alpha/Theta Neurofeedback Rehabilitation for Improving Attention and Working Memory in Female Students with Learning Disabilities

Received: 07 April 2024;  Published: 01 July 2024;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2403229

Abstract

Learning disabilities (LDs) encompass a range of cognitive challenges that can significantly influence students' educational experiences and overall academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback rehabilitation on attention and working memory in female students with learning disabilities. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-tests, post-tests, and a two-month follow-up and included a control group. Convenience sampling was used [...]
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