by Rohman Hikmat  , Iyus Yosep  , Popy Siti Aisyah  and Shella Febrita Puteri Utomo

Received: 03 December 2024;  Published: 26 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501281

This study aims to describe the application of forgiveness therapy as a psychosocial intervention for a schizophrenia patient with violent behavior. Mr. M, a 19-year-old male diagnosed with schizophrenia, exhibited psychotic symptoms, including auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions, agitation, and aggression. He had a history of trauma due to physical violence from his brother. The patient was diagnosed with a risk for violence toward others. Forgiveness therapy was implemented over six [...]

by Matina Lazaraki  , Niki Skopeliti  and Ioannis Syros

Received: 06 January 2025;  Published: 24 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501280

Children's leisure time in the Western world is changing compared to what it used to be in the previous decades. Children's involvement in organized activities and screen time use is increasing, while outdoor play, despite once being the main leisure time activity for children, is declining. Gray, Oliver and other contemporary theorists link this shift in children's lifestyles to an increase in the prevalence of anxiety disorders. This study aimed to determine whether allocating preschool childr [...]

by Farida Arisanti  , Tertianto Prabowo  , Putri Endyana  and Apichana Kovindha

Received: 03 October 2024;  Published: 18 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501279

Spinal tuberculosis (TB), an extrapulmonary manifestation of TB, primarily involves one or multiple vertebrae, with a high prevalence at the thoracolumbar region, which can compromise spinal cord integrity and result in severe sequelae such as paraplegia, bladder and bowel dysfunction, and mobility limitation. This study aimed to review medical, surgical, and rehabilitation management, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors of spinal TB with spinal cord injury (SCI). Research was conducted ut [...]

by Amy J Hopper  and Angus M Brown

Received: 19 May 2024;  Published: 17 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501278

The legacy of Hodgkin and Huxley rests on their squid giant axon studies, which were summarised in an empirical model of impressive predictive power that successfully quantified the permeability changes of excitable membranes and accurately reconstructed the action potential. Hodgkin and Huxley applied the independence principle to their experimental data in order to reveal potential mechanism(s) of trans-membrane ion movements. This was motivated by their lack of information on the manner in wh [...]

by Mojtaba Ehsanifar  and Zeinab Yavari

Received: 13 December 2024;  Published: 16 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501277

The pervasive presence and enduring existence of micro and nanoplastics in the environment render their exposure to humans and aquatic creatures unavoidable. Research indicates these tiny plastic particles can be taken in by aquatic beings and mammals. Once within the body, micro and nanoplastics have the capability to infiltrate the brain, although the level of penetration and the subsequent neurotoxic effects are not fully explored. Previous studies indicate that metal (oxide) nanoparticles ca [...]

by Babak Sokouti

Received: 30 October 2024;  Published: 14 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501276

Delirium is an acute neurocognitive disorder marked by disruptions in attention, cognition, and awareness, particularly prevalent among older and critically ill patients. This study applies a systems biology framework to dissect the molecular underpinnings of delirium and evaluate natural compounds for potential therapeutic roles. Through bioinformatics analyses, key biomarkers related to delirium, including IL6, AKT1, JUN, APP, and PPARGC1A, were identified, implicating pathways tied to neuroin [...]

by Liana Spytska

Received: 04 December 2024;  Published: 14 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501275

The relevance of studying the cognitive and behavioral dynamics of psychopathy lies in its importance for improving diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and reducing crime, thereby contributing to public safety. This study aimed to investigate how cognitive and behavioral mechanisms influence psychopathy. A combination of methods was employed, including the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, semi-structured interviews, and the analysis of non-verbal reactions. The sample consisted of eight [...]

by John Salmon  and Peter D. Drummond

Received: 24 November 2024;  Published: 05 March 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501274

The aim of this study was to identify methodological issues that might influence comparison of burst versus sham spinal cord stimulation for treating chronic pain. Six patients with an implanted BurstDR spinal cord stimulator were assessed double-blind during eight 3-to-4-day ON or OFF cycles over a 28-day period. The stimulator was switched off during two randomly selected cycles. Pain intensity was the primary outcome, and secondary outcomes included analgesic consumption, activity estimation [...]

by Giuseppe Merra  , Giada La Placa  , Marcello Covino  , Marcello Candelli  , Antonio Gasbarrini  and Francesco Franceschi

Received: 06 November 2024;  Published: 28 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501273

Interactions in the gut-brain crosstalk have led to the development of an entirely new concept: the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". Microbiota has gained considerable attention in relation to disorders of a more neurological nature, such as neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric illnesses like autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and mood disorders. This review aims to summarize the recent trends and insights into the role and consequences of gut microbiota in brain health and pediatric ne [...]

by Maria Vittoria Raele  , Laura Dell’Anna  , Rachele Mancini  , Giacomo Farì  , Maurizio Ranieri  , Marisa Megna  , Riccardo Marvulli  , Marco Paoloni  , Francesco Agostini  , Massimiliano Mangone  and Andrea Bernetti

Received: 20 September 2024;  Published: 27 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501272

Upper limb dystonia is a focal locomotion disorder affecting arm, forearm, and hand muscles, causing abnormal movements given by repeated, steady, and intercontinuous contractions. There are different types of dystonia and the multifaced nature of this pathology is challenging in the treatment management, leading to a worsening of affected patients’ life quality, mainly from a psychological point of view, but also from a functional perspective. This work examines the present literature regarding [...]

by Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed  and Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

Received: 20 October 2024;  Published: 25 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501271

Brain development (BD) is an important factor. To effectively enhance BD, institutions employ digital tools, technology, and innovative digital competencies to improve students’ entrepreneurial ambitions. The present paper examines the role of digital technology in developing BD among entrepreneurial ambitions in Egypt. The study modes are quantitative and cross-sectional to collect data from the entrepreneurial aspirations of Egyptian universities where business, management, economics, and comm [...]

by Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed  and Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

Received: 27 October 2024;  Published: 14 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501270

This study examines the effect of e-learning crack-up perception (ECUP) and fear of academic year loss (FAYL) on psychological distress (PD). The study also explores the impact of PD on students' academic performance (AP). It uses a quantitative method based on data collected from Egyptian medical university students using convenience sampling. The study utilized 313 cases to get the final results. Using path analysis through analysis of moment structures (AMOS) software, the study confirmed a p [...]

by Benjamin Drukarch  and Micha M.M. Wilhelmus

Received: 09 October 2024;  Published: 13 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501269

According to mainstream neuroscience, the action potential (AP) is a purely dissipative electrical phenomenon that should be modeled as such. However, also (essentially) reversible mechanical, thermal, and optical changes in the neuron have been reported to accompany the movement of the AP along the axonal surface. These are not accounted for in the prevailing (bio)-electric theory of neuronal excitability, originally introduced by Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) and mathematically formulated in their f [...]

by Giulio E. Lancioni  , Gloria Alberti  , Chiara Filippini  , Nirbhay N. Singh  , Mark F. O’Reilly  , Jeff Sigafoos  and Serafino Buono

Received: 14 October 2024;  Published: 12 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501268

People with severe-to-profound intellectual disability and blindness tend to be sedentary and detached, given their orientation and mobility problems, often combined with their limited interest in their surroundings. An approach to address this problem may involve the use of technology systems guiding the participants through mobility and occupational activity (object use) with a combination of spatial/orientation cues, basic instructions for the responses required by the activity, and positive [...]

by Leonard A. Jason

Received: 15 October 2024;  Published: 05 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501267

Following mental or physical exertion, patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) experience Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM). Although self-report questions represent less expensive and invasive procedures to assess PEM, variability in the wording of the symptom can cause reliability and validity problems. If different PEM measures are used in studies, this could create difficulties in replicating findings, identifying biomarkers, and determining effective treatments [...]

by Anita Padmanabhanunni  and Tyrone Pretorius

Received: 21 September 2024;  Published: 27 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501266

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition and the GAD-7 is widely used as a screening tool and measure of GAD severity. However, research has yielded conflicting findings regarding the factor structure of the instrument, with some studies supporting a unidimensional interpretation while others suggest a two-factor solution. These inconsistencies highlight the importance of validating the GAD-7 across diverse populations. This study aimed to assess the psychometric [...]

by Jitu Mani Das  , Isha Behere  , Jnanendra Upadhyay  , Rajiv Borah  and Ganesh Ingavle

Received: 14 October 2022;  Published: 20 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501265

Regenerating injured nerves is difficult because they have little spontaneous regeneration potential. Advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emphasized the possibility of biomaterial-based methods for nerve healing. Natural protein-based biomaterials have benefits over synthetic ones, such as biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and biodegradability. Silk fibroin, generated from mulberry and non-mulberry silkworms, is especially promising because of its abundance, simplic [...]

by Hatef Pourrashidi Alibigloo

Received: 22 October 2024;  Published: 13 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501264

The implementation of modern technologies has transformed connectivity, information-sharing, and education, significantly influencing students' academic journeys. New technologies offer advantages and disadvantages, particularly impacting young students and leading to changes in habits and behaviors. While technology can improve learning efficiency through personalized approaches, excessive screen time can negatively affect communication and academic performance. Studies recommend limited screen [...]

by Igor Val Danilov  and Sandra Mihailova

Received: 16 August 2024;  Published: 10 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501263

This review aims to explore research on the development of emotions in organisms at the simple reflexes substage of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development. We review the literature on alterations in spontaneous blinking in children under 6 months of age. Then, we extract the data from the selected studies that allow us to examine whether simple reflexes in infants reveal the emotion signature in the altered reflective responses. The significance of this study is that it is the first rev [...]

by OBM Neurobiology Editorial Office

Received: 03 January 2025;  Published: 03 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501262

The editors of OBM Neurobiology would like to express their sincere gratitude to the following reviewers for assessing manuscripts in 2024. We greatly appreciate the contribution of expert reviewers, which is crucial to the journal's editorial process. We aim to recognize reviewer contributions through several mechanisms, of which the annual publication of reviewer names is one. Reviewers can download a certificate of recognition directly from our submission system. Addition [...]