by E. Papaconstantinou  , V. Quick  , E. Vogel  and S. Coffey

Received: 09 August 2019;  Published: 31 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904044

Background: Post-secondary students are at increased risk for sleep problems and poor eating behaviours that overtime may lead to negative health outcomes later in life. However, limited research has examined associations of sleep quality with eating behaviours and eating competence (e.g., being positive, flexible, and comfortable with eating and getting enough enjoyable and nutritious foods) among Canadian post-secondary students. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, participants completed an online survey w [...]

by Claire Sanderson  and Paul D. Loprinzi

Received: 15 July 2019;  Published: 09 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1904043

Objective: Reversal learning requires an individual to alter their behavior when previously learned reward-based contingencies are reversed. Reversal learning is heavily influenced by cognitive flexibility, which has been shown to be enhanced with acute exercise. However, minimal work has directly evaluated the effects of acute exercise on reversal learning, which was the purpose of this experiment. Methods: A between-subject randomized controlled intervention was employed. Participants (N=60) were randomized into [...]

by Alan J Pearce

Received: 05 July 2019;  Published: 27 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903042

(1) Background: Sport-related concussion is a growing public health concern. Defined as a functional injury, concussion is characterised by a constellation of signs and symptoms. However, clinical imaging methods do not reveal any structural damage. Recently, neurophysiological techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are being applied to quantify functional changes following concussion, both from an acute perspective, but also to investigate chronic changes associated with concussion injuries. Th [...]

by Rastislav Burda  , Viera Danielisová  and Jozef Burda

Received: 03 June 2019;  Published: 20 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903041

Background: Hundreds of experiments have been done to demonstrate robust ischemic tolerance efficiency using mostly young and healthy animals. The translation of these results to usually elderly and sick patients moreover taking many various medicines has to date been disappointing. 3-methyltin poisoning, as well as short-term transient cerebral ischemia, causes severe damage, especially to selectively vulnerable brain regions such as hippocampal CA1. Methods: Using dual conditioning, we activated the full ischemi [...]

by Joseph S. D'Arrigo

Received: 22 August 2019;  Published: 16 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903040

Microvascular endothelial dysfunction precedes, often by decades, the cognitive decline associated with Alzheimer's disease. Hence, preservation of a healthy cerebrovascular endothelium can be an important therapeutic target. By incorporating appropriate drug(s) into biomimetic (lipid cubic phase) nanocarriers, one obtains a multitasking combination therapeutic which targets certain cell-surface scavenger receptors, mainly class B type I (i.e., SR-BI), and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Documented similarities in [...]

by Siavash Jafari  , Mariko Vaughan  , Souzan Baharlou  , Pooria Ghadiri  , Nazila Hassanabadi  and Ashkan Nasr

Received: 11 August 2019;  Published: 09 September 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903039

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to investigate the impact of case management on the link between HIV/AIDS patients (HIV-infected persons) and HIV treatment, and to investigate the impact of case management on their morbidity and mortality. Methods: We searched PubMed, Current Contents, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, the Effect Review Summary Database and the ACP Journal Club until May 2018. A randomized clinical trial examined the impact of case management on the association of PLHA with [...]

by Katherine Satrom  , Tate Gisslen  and Raghavendra Rao

Received: 29 May 2019;  Published: 29 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903038

Hyperglycemia soon after birth is common in extremely preterm infants. Hyperglycemia is associated with severe intraventricular hemorrhage and impaired neurodevelopmental outcome in these infants. Recent data in human infants and animal models demonstrate that hyperglycemia leads to decreased white matter content, abnormal synaptogenesis, microgliosis, and functional deficits in the absence of intraventricular hemorrhage. Data suggest that oxidative stress, inflammation, and abnormal substrate metabolism are respon [...]

by Berta Monleon Lopez  , Valentina Della Torre  , Federico Bilotta  and Rafael Badenes

Received: 11 June 2019;  Published: 22 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903037

Purpose of review: The purpose of this review is to describe recent evidence regarding the use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) as salvage therapy for severe cardiac or respiratory failure in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) when conventional treatments have failed. The characteristics of these patients, including the risk of bleeding and developing malignant intracranial hypertension, are generally considered as relative contraindications to ECMO treatment; however, recent evidence suggests [...]

by Alina Khan  , Tengfei Wan  , Catherine Hunter  , Pavel Schweizer  , Abbas Ishaq  , Shobha Nagarathanam  , Julia Morris  , Minyu Chan  and Gabriele Saretzki

Received: 13 March 2019;  Published: 01 August 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903036

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most commonly occurring neurodegenerative disease and is classed as a synucleinopathy due to the critical role of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in its pathology. α-Syn is able to translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and cause DNA damage. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were stably transfected with plasmids containing wildtype α-Syn and A53T mutant α-Syn as fusion proteins with EGFP and an EGFP only control vector. The cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and anal [...]

by Hideki Kanamaru  , Fumihiro Kawakita  , Reona Asada  and Hidenori Suzuki

Received: 07 May 2019;  Published: 29 July 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.1903035

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) causes serious brain injury and the mechanisms have not been completely found out yet. The causative factors of brain injury initiated by aneurysm rupture, which is called as early brain injury (EBI), consists of elevated intracranial pressure, cerebral hypoperfusion and blood contents directly exposed to brain surface. At 4-14 days post-aSAH, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) often develops and may critically worsen neurological outcomes. DCI may be the sequence of EBI. Unde [...]