by Giuseppe Merra  , Giada La Placa  , Marcello Covino  , Marcello Candelli  , Antonio Gasbarrini  and Francesco Franceschi

Received: 06 November 2024;  Published: 28 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501273

Interactions in the gut-brain crosstalk have led to the development of an entirely new concept: the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". Microbiota has gained considerable attention in relation to disorders of a more neurological nature, such as neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric illnesses like autism spectrum disorder, anxiety, and mood disorders. This review aims to summarize the recent trends and insights into the role and consequences of gut microbiota in brain health and pediatric neurological disorders. Dysbiosi [...]

by Maria Vittoria Raele  , Laura Dell’Anna  , Rachele Mancini  , Giacomo Farì  , Maurizio Ranieri  , Marisa Megna  , Riccardo Marvulli  , Marco Paoloni  , Francesco Agostini  , Massimiliano Mangone  and Andrea Bernetti

Received: 20 September 2024;  Published: 27 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501272

Upper limb dystonia is a focal locomotion disorder affecting arm, forearm, and hand muscles, causing abnormal movements given by repeated, steady, and intercontinuous contractions. There are different types of dystonia and the multifaced nature of this pathology is challenging in the treatment management, leading to a worsening of affected patients’ life quality, mainly from a psychological point of view, but also from a functional perspective. This work examines the present literature regarding upper limb dystonia [...]

by Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed  and Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

Received: 20 October 2024;  Published: 25 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501271

Brain development (BD) is an important factor. To effectively enhance BD, institutions employ digital tools, technology, and innovative digital competencies to improve students’ entrepreneurial ambitions. The present paper examines the role of digital technology in developing BD among entrepreneurial ambitions in Egypt. The study modes are quantitative and cross-sectional to collect data from the entrepreneurial aspirations of Egyptian universities where business, management, economics, and commerce students were f [...]

by Nadia A. Abdelmegeed Abdelwahed  and Muhammad Sufyan Ramish

Received: 27 October 2024;  Published: 14 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501270

This study examines the effect of e-learning crack-up perception (ECUP) and fear of academic year loss (FAYL) on psychological distress (PD). The study also explores the impact of PD on students' academic performance (AP). It uses a quantitative method based on data collected from Egyptian medical university students using convenience sampling. The study utilized 313 cases to get the final results. Using path analysis through analysis of moment structures (AMOS) software, the study confirmed a positive effect of EC [...]

by Benjamin Drukarch  and Micha M.M. Wilhelmus

Received: 09 October 2024;  Published: 13 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501269

According to mainstream neuroscience, the action potential (AP) is a purely dissipative electrical phenomenon that should be modeled as such. However, also (essentially) reversible mechanical, thermal, and optical changes in the neuron have been reported to accompany the movement of the AP along the axonal surface. These are not accounted for in the prevailing (bio)-electric theory of neuronal excitability, originally introduced by Hodgkin and Huxley (HH) and mathematically formulated in their famous HH model of th [...]

by Giulio E. Lancioni  , Gloria Alberti  , Chiara Filippini  , Nirbhay N. Singh  , Mark F. O’Reilly  , Jeff Sigafoos  and Serafino Buono

Received: 14 October 2024;  Published: 12 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501268

People with severe-to-profound intellectual disability and blindness tend to be sedentary and detached, given their orientation and mobility problems, often combined with their limited interest in their surroundings. An approach to address this problem may involve the use of technology systems guiding the participants through mobility and occupational activity (object use) with a combination of spatial/orientation cues, basic instructions for the responses required by the activity, and positive stimulation during t [...]

by Leonard A. Jason

Received: 15 October 2024;  Published: 05 February 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501267

Following mental or physical exertion, patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) experience Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM). Although self-report questions represent less expensive and invasive procedures to assess PEM, variability in the wording of the symptom can cause reliability and validity problems. If different PEM measures are used in studies, this could create difficulties in replicating findings, identifying biomarkers, and determining effective treatments for patients. The o [...]

by Anita Padmanabhanunni  and Tyrone Pretorius

Received: 21 September 2024;  Published: 27 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501266

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a prevalent mental health condition and the GAD-7 is widely used as a screening tool and measure of GAD severity. However, research has yielded conflicting findings regarding the factor structure of the instrument, with some studies supporting a unidimensional interpretation while others suggest a two-factor solution. These inconsistencies highlight the importance of validating the GAD-7 across diverse populations. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties and fact [...]

by Jitu Mani Das  , Isha Behere  , Jnanendra Upadhyay  , Rajiv Borah  and Ganesh Ingavle

Received: 14 October 2022;  Published: 20 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501265

Regenerating injured nerves is difficult because they have little spontaneous regeneration potential. Advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have emphasized the possibility of biomaterial-based methods for nerve healing. Natural protein-based biomaterials have benefits over synthetic ones, such as biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and biodegradability. Silk fibroin, generated from mulberry and non-mulberry silkworms, is especially promising because of its abundance, simplicity of processing in [...]

by Hatef Pourrashidi Alibigloo

Received: 22 October 2024;  Published: 13 January 2025;  doi: 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2501264

The implementation of modern technologies has transformed connectivity, information-sharing, and education, significantly influencing students' academic journeys. New technologies offer advantages and disadvantages, particularly impacting young students and leading to changes in habits and behaviors. While technology can improve learning efficiency through personalized approaches, excessive screen time can negatively affect communication and academic performance. Studies recommend limited screen time for children t [...]