by Sahar M Afeef  , Laura A Barrett  , Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer  and Keith Tolfrey

Received: 30 March 2022;  Published: 15 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2203020

Exercise-induced moderation of postprandial glycaemia in adolescents is unclear and has not been examined under free-living conditions. We assessed the effect of moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) and high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) bouts on subsequent postprandial glycaemic responses across three standard school days. Fourteen healthy adolescents (13 ± 1 years) completed three conditions in the following order across consecutive days: MIE, 30-min continuous brisk walking; CON, no-exercise control; HIIE, [...]

by Lindsey Cundra  , Michael Saadeh  , Manasa Vallabhaneni  , Kevin Houston  , Steve D’Souza  and David A Johnson

Received: 28 April 2022;  Published: 09 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2203019

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis, and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory state of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The cause of IBD is multifactorial, encompassing factors of genetics, environment, and the host immune system, initiating a complex interplay of maladaptive host immune responses and subsequent chronic inflammation. Aberrant host immune responses are at least in part due to changes in the commensal microbiome, which can in turn affect the [...]

by Ankit Patel  , Kevin Houston  , Ana Vilela  , Michael Saadeh  , Byung-Soo Yoo  , Steve M. D’Souza  and David A. Johnson

Received: 24 April 2022;  Published: 01 August 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2203018

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is currently the third most common cancer within the United States among both males and females, with increasing rates occurring in younger individuals compared to the past. Multiple environmental and social aspects including diet may be contributing to this increase in CRC rates. The aim of this review is to examine foods containing high fructose corn syrup, processed meats, and red meats which have shown to be linked to an increase in incidence of CRC. These foods can be a cause for disrup [...]

by Benno Weigmann  and Harald P. Hoensch

Received: 23 March 2022;  Published: 21 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2203017

Flavonoids are phytochemicals (polyphenols) of plant origin. They can trap free oxygen radicals generated by mitochondria and other electronic transport chains, thereby inhibiting inflammatory and carcinogenic changes in vivo and in vitro. Why the body requires these compounds for the well-being of the organism and the maintenance of human health remains unclear. However, a deficit of flavonoids could lead to molecular malfunctions in cells, organelles, and macromolecules. This manuscript describes the occurrence a [...]

by Abbas Ishaq  and Gabriele Saretzki

Received: 13 April 2022;  Published: 05 July 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2203016

Accumulating evidence demonstrates that senescence and the associated inflammatory phenotype (SASP) also occur in post-mitotic cells such as mature adipocytes. Visceral adipose tissue in humans is susceptible to inflammation due to nutritional imbalance and ageing. However, while adipose tissue has been well researched in the context of obesity, senescence of differentiated adipocytes has not been investigated thoroughly. Our group recently demonstrated that ageing and normal ad libitum (AL) nutrition in mice resul [...]

by Claudia Harper  , Radhika Seimon  , Brendon Yee  , Amanda Salis  and Elizabeth Cayanan

Received: 21 February 2022;  Published: 27 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2202015

We report the case of a 30-year-old male with significant obesity (body mass index 47 kg/m2) with co-existing moderate obstructive sleep apnoea, hypertension, hypercholesteremia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, who was treated with a very-low-energy diet (VLED) and lifestyle modification programme for 12 months. The patient lost weight throughout the entire treatment period (average weight loss was 2.1 kg/week, for a total of 42.7 kg), and showed marked improvement in co-morbidities and no adverse effects. This c [...]

by Anikka M. Swaby  and Luis B. Agellon

Received: 20 December 2021;  Published: 26 May 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2202014

Microbes have been part of the diet throughout human history. In the evolution of food preservation practices, some techniques inadvertently leveraged microbial activity not only to extend the storage life but also to enhance the properties and nutritive value of foods. In the last century, a variety of bacterial species (referred to as probiotics) were found to confer health benefits to the host. The advent of high-throughput sequencing methods facilitated improved surveillance of conventional probiotics within gu [...]

by Angharad Vernon-Roberts  and Andrew S Day

Received: 23 January 2022;  Published: 19 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2202013

Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency secondary to factors such as malabsorption and decreased intake. In recent years the benefits of optimal vitamin D status have been highlighted for their potential to improve the disease course and long-term outcomes in this population. Clinical benefits have been seen to bone health, the immune system, and gut health, with further improvements to disease and treatment outcomes. Recommendations for vitamin D treatment p [...]

by Mitsuro Chiba  , Satoko Tsuda  and Haruhiko Tozawa

Received: 23 December 2021;  Published: 02 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2202012

A modern lifestyle, including dietary westernization, has increased the prevalence of constipation. The authors developed a plant-based diet for inflammatory bowel disease. This study investigated whether a diet containing a high amount of dietary fiber is also effective for constipation. Consecutive patients with constipation were recruited in this study from April 2003 to March 2004. Their constipation was unresponsive to a conventional laxative. The patients were provided a plant-based diet during hospitalizatio [...]

by Sheila Lucía Rodríguez García  and Vijaya Raghavan

Received: 17 February 2022;  Published: 01 April 2022;  doi: 10.21926/rpn.2202011

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to obtain phenolics from vegetable wastes has been of recent interest. Broccoli is one of the most globally produced vegetables, and around 43% of the harvest is considered waste. Thus, given the significant quantity of broccoli waste generated, the objective of this work was to optimize the MAE, to maximize the total phenolic content (TPC) from broccoli by-products (leaves and stems) and broccoli florets. The Response Surface Analysis was used in the optimization model to evalua [...]