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Open Access

ISSN 2638-1311

© 2019 by the authors; CC BY 4.0 licence

OBM Geriatrics , Volume 3 , Issue 4 (2019)

Pages: 280

Published: January 2020

(This book is a printed edition that was published in OBM Geriatrics)

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Cover story: There have been powerful calls from people living with dementia, families and advocates to rethink the language we use in relation to Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). There are currently a variety of terms used in this complex paradigm that covers the most distressing and costly aspects of the condition. This UK study explored professional opinions about commonly used terminology in this paradigm.  View this paper.

Volume 3,Issue 4

Open Access Review

Design Guidelines to Reduce Extrinsic Fall Risks in the Built Environment

Received: 28 August 2019;  Published: 16 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904095

Abstract

As people age, environments supporting changing needs can potentially impact their quality of life. Aging often leads to a decrease in the ability of people to interpret sensory cues within their environment. Using Pastalan’s Empathic Model as a framework, a list of guidelines was established to address the extrinsic risk factors affecting falls within the built environment. Attention to these items may not prevent all falls but will mitigate some of the external risks that cause falls for old [...]

Open Access Original Research

Successful Aging and Positive Psychology: Two Empirically Related Perspectives

Received: 19 June 2019;  Published: 12 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904094

Abstract

We analyze the confluence between two paradigms of health from different theoretical backgrounds: successful (or healthy) aging (SA) and positive psychology (PP). In this cross-sectional study, 169 healthy older adults completed several questionnaires to assess central constructs for successful aging and positive psychology frameworks. Participants were recruited from recreational centers for older adults. Confirmatory factor analyses with a two-latent-factor structure (SA and PP) showed an ad [...]

Open Access Original Research

Women’s Perceptions of the Embodied Experience of Osteoporosis across the Lifecourse

Received: 29 October 2019;  Published: 12 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904093

Abstract

Beliefs about the daily experience of a disease are used to identify risk and motivate participation in prevention. For osteoporosis, a disease that is affected by health behaviours throughout the lifecourse, individual perceptions of the disease can affect health decisions and future disease prevalence. Understanding how the experience of osteoporosis is perceived by women at different stages of life can illuminate factors that influence engagement in prevention. Women representing three life s [...]

Open Access Original Research

Effects of Enriched Thematic Multi-Sensory Stimulation on BPSD in A Beach Room: A Pilot Study among Nursing-Home Residents with Dementia

Received: 02 April 2019;  Published: 11 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904092

Abstract

Background: Studies of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions indicate that sensory stimulation is a promising approach to reduce psychological and behavioural disturbances in people with dementia. A relatively new approach is enriched multi-sensory stimulation. Enriched multi-sensory stimulation includes the simultaneous stimulation of multiple senses by stimuli that are related to positive themes. Methods: A pilot - randomized controlled trial was conducted with repeated measurements [...]

Open Access Review

Depression in the Elderly–Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Special Aspects, and Treatment Options

Received: 06 August 2019;  Published: 04 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904091

Abstract

The prevalence of Late-life Depression (LLD) is estimated between 10 and 15 % and therefore LLD is a considerable world-wide problem. The psychopathology is not substantially different from that of depressive episodes in young adults, but somatic complaints in combination of end-of-life perspective leave an imprint on emotional experience. Frequent suicide ideation, especially in old unmated men, remains a particular challenge. It is important to combine psychiatric and somatic diagnostics inclu [...]

Open Access Review

The Association between Bone Turnover Markers and Fracture in People with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Received: 29 August 2019;  Published: 04 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904090

Abstract

Background: The increased fracture risk in persons with diabetes is underestimated by conventional fracture predictors. The aims of this study were to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis to compare the levels of bone turnover markers (BTM) in persons with diabetes with and without fractures. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search. Eligibility criteria were studies investigating BTMs in persons with diabetes with/without fractures. For the meta-analysis, we used the stan [...]

Open Access Original Research

Automated Movement Feedback for Recovering Independence in the Sit-to-Stand Movement in an Older Population: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial of a Novel System

Received: 23 September 2019;  Published: 02 December 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904089

Abstract

Background The sit-to-stand (StS) movement is a frequently performed task critical to independent living that is both difficult to perform and associated with falls in older populations. Consequently, the recovery of this movement through supervised practice is a priority during the rehabilitation of older people. Technology may enable self-practice, potentially improving rehabilitation outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of an automa [...]

Open Access Case Report

Physical Illness and Emotional Expression in Late Life

Received: 14 August 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904088

Abstract

Louise H., Ph.D was referred to me by her long-term primary care physician (PCP) who was certain that his patient was seriously depressed and in need of medication and possibly psychotherapy. My own assessment, in consultation with a neurologist, was that Louise’s problems with coping were primarily neurological, and that her issues were due to serious (and in one case embarrassing) symptoms. Her neurological problems (mild Parkinsonism and PseudoBulbar Affect, or PBA) are currently being addr [...]

Open Access Research Article

Balance and Fall Rates are Associated with Chronic Pain, and Improve with Yoga

Received: 29 September 2019;  Published: 25 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904087

Abstract

Background: Falls are relatively common in older adults and are associated with chronic pain. Chronic pain may even be a predictor of falls in older adults. However, this relationship has not been studied in adults <65 years of age. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between pain and fall risk factors in adults <65 years, and test whether yoga may improve pain and fall risk factors in this group of individuals. Methods: Participants with chronic pain were enrolled i [...]

Open Access Original Research

Evaluation of the Prevalence of Screening for Dysphagia among Older People Admitted to Medical Services – An International Survey

Received: 15 September 2019;  Published: 15 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904086

Abstract

Background: As the world’s population ages, so the number of old and frail people increases. Respiratory disease is a common reason for hospital admission for older people. Aspiration of saliva, which is probably infected, is the likely etiological agent. The presence of an abnormal swallow has been found to be high in frail older people. Despite the high incidence of swallow problems amongst older people, many hospital services do not routinely screen older people for dysphagia. Methods: A surv [...]

Open Access Editorial

Fragility Fractures in the Elderly Osteoporotic Patient and the Efficacy of Fracture Liaison Service Programs

Received: 07 November 2019;  Published: 13 November 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904085

Abstract

None.

Open Access Case Report

Qualitative Evaluation of Interdisciplinary Service Learning Experience to Assess and Manage Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Received: 15 August 2019;  Published: 29 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904084

Abstract

Aim: This case study reports on the planning and implementation of a fall risk assessment and prevention activity for older adults offered in multiple community settings by health professional faculty and students. Background: In the US, the percentage of adults 65 and older who fell was more than 29% in 2018. Among states, Arkansas ranks 48th with 35.2% of older adults reporting a fall (CDC Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2018). The desired outcomes of the interprofessional servic [...]

Open Access Review

Ageing: The Role of Ageism

Received: 20 June 2019;  Published: 28 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904083

Abstract

Worldwide, people are living longer but not necessarily experiencing optimal health since healthy ageing stems from a combination of biological, psychological, and social factors. The growing interdisciplinary literature on ageism from education, medicine, psychology, and social work increasingly highlights the pivotal role that ageism plays in ageing. Ageism is generally an overlooked factor in understanding and fostering healthy ageing. Ageism creates a negative view of the ageing process as [...]

Open Access Research Article

Using Health-Related Quality of Life (SF-36v2®) to Predict Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Received: 14 September 2019;  Published: 25 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904082

Abstract

Background: Falls are the leading cause of hospitalization and death among older adults; therefore, the ability to predict fall risk among older adults is critical. Several performance-based outcome measures exist to assess fall risk. Psychological factors are also associated with fall risk yet can be difficult to assess and are often overlooked. In this study, we investigated whether the Short Form 36 Item Health Survey (SF-36v2®), a measure of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), predicted [...]

Open Access Concept Paper

Admiral Nursing in Primary Care: Peri and Post-Diagnostic Support for Families Affected by Dementia within the UK Primary Care Network Model

Received: 19 September 2019;  Published: 18 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904081

Abstract

The UK population is ageing. In 2017 approximately 18% of the UK population were aged 65 years or over and projected to grow to almost 21% by 2027 according to the Office of National Statistics (ONS) (2018a). Increased age is the greatest risk factor for developing dementia (Van de Flier & Scheltens 2005). It is estimated that there are 850,000 people living with dementia in the UK and, if current figures relating to incidence and prevalence are realised, this will increase to 1 million peo [...]

Open Access Original Research

Naming and Framing the Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) Paradigm: Professional Stakeholder Perspectives

Received: 08 September 2019;  Published: 11 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904080

Abstract

Background Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Challenging Behaviour in dementia care are just two of a variety of terms for a complex paradigm that covers the most distressing and costly aspects of the condition. The terminology used to describe these aspects can influence what is measured as outcomes and what is considered as evidence of improvement. Unhelpful or outmoded narratives could be a barrier to developing innovative interventions or in determining what works for [...]

Open Access Perspective

Behavioral versus Biological Definitions of Dementia Symptoms: Recognizing that Worthwhile Interventions already Exist

Received: 31 July 2019;  Published: 10 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904079

Abstract

Background: The 2018 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures special report includes two new guidelines for measuring dementia symptoms. The first requires that a biomarker (biological factor) be added to a doctor’s clinical judgment of the cause of symptoms when determining whether dementia is present. The second involves identifying four stages of dementia: normal cognition, preclinical, MCI and dementia. Now only those with defining brain pathologies will be judged to be persons with stage 4 d [...]

Open Access Research Article

GAPcare: The Geriatric Acute and Post-Acute Fall Prevention Intervention for Emergency Department Patients – A Qualitative Evaluation

Received: 21 August 2019;  Published: 10 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904078

Abstract

Three million US emergency department (ED) visits occur for falls each year. The mortality of falls is increasing and only one fourth of older adults report their fall to their primary care provider, suggesting that valuable preventative opportunities are missed. A fall prevention intervention initiated in the ED immediately after a fall has the potential to reduce subsequent falls, but ED providers lack the time and resources to complete fall risk assessments on their patients. GAPcare, the Ger [...]

Open Access Review

Aging in A Changing World – the Impact of Social Contact and Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality among Older People from Austria – A Biological Perspective

Received: 23 June 2019;  Published: 08 October 2019;  doi: 10.21926/obm.geriatr.1904077

Abstract

Background: All over the world we are confronted with an absolute and relative increase of the portion of elderly people. In order to develop strategies to keep old aged people healthy and as long as possible independent, analyses of factors influencing health related quality of life (HRQL) during old age are necessary. The aim of this review was the presentation of the results projects focusing on the impact of social contacts and physical activity on HRQL carried out in Austria Methods: Th [...]
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